Discuss the development of architecture and focus on the following (at a minimum): Greek to Romans, Hagia Sophia, Gothic to Brunelleschi

According to architectural historians, contributions of the ancient Greeks and the Romans

civilizations towards development of architecture were and are until today significantly

influential. The urbanism and architecture of the Greeks and Romans varied significantly from

that of contemporary civilizations such as Egyptians and Persians during ancient times (Moffett et al., 2003). Public life acquired significance for all community members. New

open places referred to as the agora that were surrounded by temples public buildings and stores

sustained the Greek civic life (Moffett, Fazio & Wodehouse, 2003) Greek public buildings

reflected the social and political ideals of the ancient Greece community. According to Moffett

et al. (2003), the agora reflected Greeks’ newfound regard for social justice

which was accessed through open debate instead of imperial mandate. Even though, wisdom

was still the basis of deliberations over human affairs, the day to day rituals of the ancient Greek

civilization etched in space. Inscription of living rituals in space led to famous trend of acropolis

where settlements were built on elevated grounds for purposes of defense (Baker, 2008). For the

Greeks space had its own distinctive nature, consequently temples were built on top of

mountains in order to reach the heavens.

In particular, during the period between 7th and 5th centuries B.C, there emerged various

features of classical architectural styles in Greek civilization which have recurred during

different periods of history later. These elements included fluted columns which had shaped tops

(capitals), supporting horizontal lintels consisting of two layers and a triangular pediment which

were usually decorated with sculpture in order to hide shallow pointed roof at the back (Moffett et al., 2003). Capitals and pillars were common in Greece architecture since

prehistoric times. For instance, pillars and capitals feature prominently in the sculpture of the

Mycenae Lion Gate dating back to 13th century BC (Baker, 2008).

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